Can you get pregnant while wearing a condom? Can you still get HIV if you wear one?
Even with the use of condoms and PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis), there are several considerations to take into account regarding the risk of contracting HIV:
Correct Usage of Condoms
Consistently and correctly using condoms throughout sexual activity is a crucial method for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. Incorrect usage or condom breakage significantly increases the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Factors to consider include the quality of the condom, whether it was put on before any physical contact, ensuring it's not inside out, expelling air from the tip before use, and removing it promptly after intercourse. For detailed instructions on correct condom use, refer to educational materials such as the illustrated guide on condom usage by Durex.
Proper Implementation of PrEP
PrEP, or Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, involves the use of antiretroviral drugs by HIV-negative individuals at high risk of HIV exposure to prevent infection. It's important to note that not all HIV-negative individuals are suitable for PrEP; it is specifically recommended for those at high risk of HIV exposure. The 2020 "Chinese Expert Consensus on HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Medication" outlines the need for risk assessment and medical evaluation before starting PrEP to ensure suitability and rule out contraindications. For instance, an HIV test is mandatory before starting PrEP to confirm the absence of HIV infection, and it is not recommended for individuals with renal insufficiency or during the acute phase of HIV infection. PrEP should be administered under medical supervision with regular laboratory monitoring, not self-administered based on personal judgment.
The FDA-approved PrEP medication "Truvada" (also known as Truvada) has been approved by the China National Medical Products Administration for HIV prevention. According to EU guidelines, there are two methods of taking PrEP: daily use and on-demand use, with specific timing, dosage, and frequency requirements. Incorrect timing or dosage can reduce the drug's effectiveness, increasing the risk of infection. Additionally, regular laboratory tests are essential to monitor the drug's efficacy, assess renal function, evaluate adverse reactions, and screen for other STIs like gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia.
Potential for PrEP Resistance
The likelihood of developing resistance to PrEP is very low but not nonexistent. Among 9,222 participants across 10 PrEP studies, there were 11 cases of resistance, indicating a resistance rate of 1 in 1,000. Being among the resistant cases could pose a higher risk of infection.
Even with Correct Condom Use and PrEP Implementation, 100% Prevention is Not Guaranteed
Even if the first three points are correctly addressed, there is no absolute guarantee against infection. PrEP is a method to reduce the risk of HIV transmission through sexual contact, as demonstrated by numerous global clinical trials and real-world studies. However, similar to flu vaccines, it does not offer 100% protection but significantly lowers the risk.
In conclusion, while sexual transmission remains a primary route for HIV spread, everyday activities (like hugging, shaking hands, or sharing meals) do not transmit the virus. Therefore, while it's important not to be overly anxious about HIV prevention, it's crucial to take it seriously. Relying solely on PrEP without caution due to its temporal and scheduled nature, and neglecting condom use, can increase the risk of HIV and other STIs.
